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测量火星大气中的碳离子损失

Justin Rowell by Justin Rowell
29.09.2022
Home Space

Simulation of ions escaping the Martian atmosphere

Source: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

This is an authorized translation of an Eos article. 本文是Eos文章的授权翻译。

近几十年来,行星科学家们已经找到了大量证据,表明在大约40亿年前的挪亚时代(Noachian),火星曾有一层相对较厚的大气层,并且表面存在液态水。从那之后,气候发生了重大变化,导致火星上的大部分大气和所有地表水消失。

今天残留的火星大气是一层薄薄的包膜,主要由二氧化碳组成。如果没有一个保护性的行星磁场,这层大气也会被太阳风带走。NASA的火星大气与挥发性演化(MAVEN)航天器自2014年抵达火星以来,一直在跟踪大气中含量最丰富的离子(即原子氧和分子氧)的逃逸。

在一项新研究中,Pickett等人试图将这些观测扩展到碳上,这是火星大气中第二丰富的元素。观察大气中碳(C)离子损失的一个复杂因素是,碳在质量上与占主导地位的氧(O)相近。在这项工作中,作者使用了MAVEN的超热和热离子组成仪(STATIC)收集的40个轨道数据,该仪器记录了入射离子的电荷、质量和速度。

由于仪器的不确定性,STATIC记录了粒子在小质量范围内的碰撞,以给定离子的真实质量为中心分布。由于C+和O+有相似的质量,这些分布存在重叠。在确定C+的总量之前,必须对氧离子的贡献进行建模和去除。作者开发并描述了一个实现这一目标的多步骤过程。

研究人员将他们的方法应用于STATIC在2018年4月收集到的数据,作为该技术的初始评估和C+逃逸率的初步近似。据估计,C+沿着磁尾以104-105 / cm²/ s的通量离开火星。这一发现与之前的模型估算的大气中的碳损失基本一致,比观察到的氧离子损失率低1-2个数量级。

总的来说,STATIC在研究期间的所有观测中约有四分之一发现了可检测的C+通量。这说明,要弄清火星大气中含量最丰富的这两种成分,存在着长期的困难。了解当前大气中碳和氧的相关而又独立的故事,将是未来的一项任务,对这颗红色星球的气候历史具有影响。(Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JA029635, 2022)

-科学作家Morgan Rehnberg

This translation was made by Wiley. 本文翻译由Wiley提供。

Text © 2022. AGU. CC BY-NC-ND 3.0
Except where otherwise noted, images are subject to copyright. Any reuse without express permission from the copyright owner is prohibited.


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