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科学家倒转时间追踪火星上的甲烷排放

Justin Rowell by Justin Rowell
29.09.2022
Home Space

A selfie of NASA’s Curiosity rover, in the northwestern part of Gale crater

Source: Earth and Space Science

This is an authorized translation of an Eos article. 本文是Eos文章的授权翻译。

美国国家航空航天局(NASA)的“好奇号”(Curiosity)探测器于2012年8月登陆火星,其观测结果显示,火星可能曾是一颗宜居行星。好奇号最激动人心的观测结果之一是火星大气中周期性的、异常丰富的甲烷。在过去的7年间,“好奇号”确定了甲烷浓度背景值约为0.41ppbv,这些周期性的飙升可将大气甲烷浓度增加到21ppbv。

罗等人指出,这些甲烷峰值可能“对地质学和天体生物学有着深远的影响”。在地球上,几乎所有的甲烷排放都有生物来源,从牛的肠胃胀气到植物的腐烂。火星上的甲烷可能是一种潜在的生物特征,是生命产生的化学痕迹。然而,科学家必须首先排除甲烷的非生物来源。

为调查甲烷排放的来源,研究人员采用了一种称为“后向轨迹分析”的方法。在这个方法中,他们根据科学家对火星大气的了解建立模型,从测量的那一刻起,在时间上后向追溯火星气团。研究人员研究了迄今为止检测到的所有7个甲烷峰值事件,并使用现有的火星全球气候模型来模拟风是如何使得甲烷在火星上传播的。

根据不同季节和一天中不同时间的风型,作者通过模拟每次甲烷峰值的后向轨迹,发现这些峰值极有可能来自同一区域,即盖尔陨石坑的西北部,这是一个巨大的撞击坑,科学家认为这里曾经有液态水,好奇号目前正在那里探索。 

然而,“好奇号”在火星上探测到的甲烷一直受到专家们的质疑。例如,欧洲-俄罗斯的ExoMars微量气体轨道飞行器(ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter, TGO)自2016年末以来一直在轨道上对火星进行探测,但它在火星大气中并没有探测到像“好奇号”从火星表面上探测到的那么丰富的甲烷。作者指出,可能存在一种地质机制,可以迅速将甲烷从大气中隔离出来,或者存在一种大气机制,将甲烷吸附在地表附近。作者指出,需要做进一步的研究来确认这里就是甲烷的起源,“好奇号”应该继续测量周围的甲烷含量,以捕捉更多的甲烷峰值事件。(Earth and Space Science, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021EA001915, 2021)

-科学作家JoAnna Wendel

This translation was made by Wiley. 本文翻译由Wiley提供。

Text © 2022. AGU. CC BY-NC-ND 3.0
Except where otherwise noted, images are subject to copyright. Any reuse without express permission from the copyright owner is prohibited.


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